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█'███████ ██ ████████ ████████

██ ████████ ██ ████████ ███ ███████ █████ ████████ █████ ██████ ████████████ █ ██████ ████████████ ████ ███████████████ █████ █████ ███████████ ███ ██ ██████████ █ █ █████. ██ ███████, █████ ██ █████████ ████████, ██ █████ ██████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ██ ███ ██████████, ██████, ██ ██████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ █ ██ █████ █ ██████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ████████ █████████ █████ █'███████ ███ █████ ██████████████ ██ ████ ██████ ████████:

${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\int \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+{\int }_{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}\right)}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}}$

██ ██ █████████ ████████ ███ ██████████ ██████████, ████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████, ██████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\to \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ██ █████ ██████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ███████ █████████████████ ████████. ██████ █████████ ███████████ ███ ██████ ████████████ ████ ██ ████████ █████ ███████████ ████'███████████ ███ ██ █████ ████████████████ █ █'█████████, █████'██████ ███████ ██████ ██████ ██ █████ █████████ ██ ████ ██████ █████ ███████ █ ███ █████ ███████████ ██ ██████. ████████ █ █████████ ███████████ ███ ████████ ██ █████ ██████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ █ ███████████ ████ ███████████ █ ███████████ ██████, ██████ █████ █████ ██ ██████ █████ █████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ████'█████████ █████ █████████████ █████ ██ ███ █████. ██ █████ ███████, █ ███████████ ████████████████ █ ███████████ ████████ ██ █████████ █ ████████ ███ █████ ████████████████ ███ ████ ██████ ██████. ██ ██████ ██ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ███████ ██████ ██████ ██ ████ ███████ █ ███ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ ████████ ████████ █ ██ ██████ █████████████ ████████ ████ ██ ██████████ █'████████ ███████ ████████ ███ █████ ██████████████. ██ ███████████████ ████████ ██ ██████ █████████ █████ ██ ███████ █████ █████████████████.

████████████████

██ █████ █████ ███ ██████████ ███ █████████ ██████████ █ █ ████████ ████████ ███ ███████ ███ ███████ █████ ███████ █'████ █ ██ █████ ████████ ███████ ████████ █████ █████████ ██ ████████████████. ███ ██████ █████████ ██ ███████████ ███████████████ █████ █████████ █████ ██████, █ ███████████████, ███ █████ █'███████ ██ ███████ ██████ ███ █████████ █████ ██████. ████ ████ █████ █████████ ██ █████████████████ ██████ █████████ ███ ██████ ██████ ██████ ███████ ██████████████. ███ ███████, █'█████████:

${\displaystyle {\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-{\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{\infty }-\mathrm{\infty }}$

███████ ███ ████████ █ █████ █████ ███████████ ██ ████████ ████████. ████████ ████████████ ███ █████████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ █ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ███ ██████ █████ █████████:

${\displaystyle {\int }_{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-{\int }_{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\left(\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}\right)}$

██ █████████ █ ███ ████████. █ ██████ █████ █ ███ █████████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ █ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$, ███████████████ ██████████, ███████ ██████ ███████, ███████ ███████ ██ ████ ██████ █ ████, ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\to \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\to \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ██ █████████ ███ ████ ██████ █████:

${\displaystyle \frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}\to \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

█████████ ████ █████████ ██████:

${\displaystyle {\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-{\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}$

██ ███████████ ███ ███████ █ █████████ ██ ████████████████ ████ ████████, ████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████████ ███ ████████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ████████ ██████. ██ ██████████ ████████ ██ ████████████████ ████:

• ████████████████ █ "███-███": █████████ █ ███████ █████ ██████████ ██████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███████ ███████████ █████ █████████, ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ██ █████████ ██ ████████████████ ████████ "███-███". ███████ ████████ ██████████ █████ ██████ ██ █████ ███████ ██████ ██ ███████████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ███████. ██ ███████, █'█████████ ██████████:

${\displaystyle \int \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\propto {\int }_{}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{\infty }}$

█████ █████████████ ██:

${\displaystyle \int \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\to {\int }_{}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$

• ████████████████ ██ ████████: ██ ██████ ████████████████ ████████ █████ █████████████ ████████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. █ █████ ████ ████████ ████ ██ █████ ████████. ██ ██████ ████ ███ █████████ ██████████ █████████ █████████████ ████:

${\displaystyle \int \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\to {\int }_{}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="2"\; class="word\; redacted">██</span>}\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}$

• ████████████████ ████████████: ██ ██████ ████ ███ █████████ █████ ██████ ████████████████, ███████ ██████ █ ██ ██████ ██████████ █████ ██ ██████████.

███ █████ ████ ██████ ██ ████████ ███████, ██ █████ ██████████ ████████ ███ ██████████ ██ ████████ ██ █████████████ ██ ████ ████ ██ █████████ █ █████████ ██ ████████████████ ███ ██████ ███████████████ ██████████. ███ ██████ ██████ █████████ ███████ █████████ ██ ████ ████████, ██ ██████ ████ ██ ██████ █████ █████ ███ ████████████████ █ ███ ██████ ███████████ ████ ████ ███ ███████████████ █ █████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ████████████ ████████████████.