████████████ (██████)

████████████ ███████████ █ ███████████

████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ████ $\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}$, ███ $\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}$ ████████ ███ ██ ████████ █ $\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}$ █████████ █'████, █'████████████ █ ██████████ ███████████ ██ ██ ████████ ███ $\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}$, ████ $\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ (██ ██████ ████ ██ █████ █████ █████████ █'████), ██████ █ ██████████ ███████████ ██ ██ ████████ ███ $\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\frac{(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ████ $\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\frac{(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ (██ ██████ ███████ ██ █████ █████ █████████ █'████).

████████████ ██ ███████████

██ ██████ ██████ ██ ██████ █████ ███ ████████ ████ ████████ ███ ██████████████ ███ ████. ██ ██████ ██ ██ █████ ██ ███ ████ █████ █████████ ███ █████████: ██'████ █████, █████████ █████ ██████████, █████ ████████████ █████████. ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ █████████, ██ ██ ██████████ ████████████████ ███████ ████████ ████ █████████ █'████ █████ ██████████ █████████, █ ██████ ████████ █████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ████ ████████ ██████████ ██ ████ ████████ █████ ██ ████ ███ ██ ████.

██ ████ ████████ ██████ █████ █████████ ██████████████: ██ ████████ ███ ██████ ███████████ █████ ██ ███████, ███████████ ██ ██ ████ ███ █████ █████████ ██ █████ ██████████ █ █████, █████ ██████ ██ ████████████, ██████████████ ██ ███████ █ ██ ██████ ██ ████████████.

██ ████████ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ ████ ████████ ██ ███ ████ ████████ ███ ████████, ██ █████ ██████████ ██████ ███████████.

██ ████ █ ██ ████████

███ ████ ████████ ██ ████████ █ █████████ ██████████ ███ █████ █████ ██ ████████████, ██████ ████████████ ███ ███████ ███████ ████ █████████████ ██ ███████. ████████████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ ███ ████ ███ ██ █████████████ ███ ██ ████████ █████████ █'████.

█ ████ ███████ ████ █████████████ ██ ██████: ███ █████, ██ ████ ████ ██ ███████████ ██ ████, ████ ██ █████████████ ███████████ █████ █████ ██ ██'████ ██ ████████ ████ ████ █████ █████ ███████ ████████, ██████ ███ ███████ ████ ██ ███████████ ██ ████ █ ██████ ██ ███████ ███████████. ██ █████ ██████ ███████████████ ██ ████████████ ██████████ ███████████ █ ██ ████████████ ██████████ ███████████, █ ███████ █████ ██████████ (█████ ███ █████, ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ███████). ██ ████████, ██ ████████ ██████████ ███ ██ ███████████████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ███████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██████ ███ █████ ████ ██ ████████ ████ █

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$

█ ███████ █████ █████████ ███ ████████████ ███ ██ ████ ███ ██████████████, █ ████████ █████████ ███ ███ ██████████ █████████ █████ ██████████ ████████. ██████, ██ ████████ █████████ ███████ ██ ███ █'████████████ █ ██████████ ███████████ (█████ ███████ ██ ████████████, ██████████████ █ ██████ ████████ ██████) █████████ ██ █████ ██ ███ ██████ █'████████████ █ ██████████ ███████████ (█████ ██████ ██ ████████████, ██████████████ █ ██████ ███ ██████████ █████).

█'████████ ██ ██████ ███████ █ ██████ ███ ████ ████████████ ██████████ █████ ████████, ███ ████ █████████ █'████; ██ ███████ ██████████ ██████████ ███, █████ ███ ███████ █ ██ █████████ █'████, █████ ███ ███████ █ █████████ ███████ ██████ ██████. ██████ █ ███ ███ ██████ ███ ██ █████ ███ ██ ████████ ██ █████████ ███████████████ ████████ ██ ████████████ ████████, ██ ███ █ ██ ████; █'█████ █ ██████ ████ ██████████ █████ ████████. ███████, ██ ███ ██████ █████ ██ ████ (██ ████, ██ █████████ ██ █████████████ █ ████ ███) ████████ ████████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ███ ██ █████████████ ██ ███████ █████████████ ███████, █ ███████ ████'███████ ██ █████ ███████ ████████: ██ ███ ██████████ ███ ██████ ██████, ██ █████████████ █████ ██████ ███████ ████ ███████████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ███████ ████'██████ █████ (█ █████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████████ █████ ████████ █████ ██████), ███ ██████ █████████ ████ ███ █████████████ ████████ ██ ██████████. █'█████ ████ ███ █████ █████████ ██████ ████████ █ ████████ ██ ███ █ ███ ████████ ████████, ██ ███████ ██████████ ██ ████████ █████ ███████████ ████ ████ █████ ███ ███ ███████████ █████ ██████ █████████.

██████████ █████ ███ █████████

██ ██████ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ████ ██ ███ █████████; ███ ██████████, ██ ████████ █████ ████████ █████████████ ██ ███ ███████ █████ ██████████ ████ ███████ █ ████████ ███ ██ ███ ████████ (████ ██████ ████ ████ ███ █████████).

██████ ███ █████████ ██ ████ █████ ███████████ █ ████ ██ ████████████ █'█████████ ████████ █████ ██████, █ ██████ ██████ ████ ██████ █████ ███ █ ███████ █ █ ██████. ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ███████, ██████████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ██████████, ████████ ██ █████████ ███ █ ███████ ${\displaystyle {\mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},{\mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ████████████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ██ █████ █ █████ ██████ ██ ███ ██ ███████ ████████ █'█████████ ███████ ██████ ███████████ █████████ ██ ██████████ █████ █████████. ██ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████, █████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███ ██ █████ ████ ████████ ████████ ████ ███████ █████ ██ ████████ ██ █, ███ ██████ ██████ ████████████ ███ ████████ ████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=|{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}|=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$,

████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ █'██████ ████████ ███ █ ███ ███████ █ ██ ███████ ████ ███████ █ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ ████████ ███ ██ ████████. █████████ ███ ██ ██████████████ ██ █████ ███ ██████████ █'█████████, ██ ███████ ███ █████ █████████, ███ ██ ███ ████ ███ ███████ █████ █████████ ██ ██:

${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}){\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$,

███████ ${\displaystyle \mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ ███████ █'████, ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ ████████ ████████ █ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ █'████████ ███ █████ ██████ █████ █████████. █'████████████ █████ ███ █████████████ ██ █, ██ ███████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ██ ██████ ██████ █████ ███████ ██ ████████████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\approx \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}({\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$.

████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████ █████ ${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\approx \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$, ██ ████ ██ ██████████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$.

██ ██████ █'████████████ █ ██████ ███'█████████ ███ █████ █████████ ██ ██████, ███ █ ████████████ █████████████ ██ ████████ ████'████████ ███ █████ █████████. ██████

${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\propto {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\propto {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\Rightarrow \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$

█ ██ █████████ ███ ███████ █'█████████ ██ ████████ ████'██████ (█ ██ ██ ██████████, ██ ████████ █████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████) █ ████'█████████ ████'████ ███ ██████ █████ ███████.

█████████████, ██████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████ █ ████ ██ ██ ████████ ██████ █████ █████████ █'████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\pm \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\pm \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},...}$

█ ███ █████ ██████████████ ██ ████, █'████████████ █ ███████████ █ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ █████ ██████ ██ ████████████.

█████████, ██████ ████ ██████████ ████████ ███ ██ ████████ ███████ ██ █████ █████████ █'████.

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\pm \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\pm \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},...}$

██ █████████████ ██████████████ ██ ██████████, █'████████████ █ ███████████ █ ██ ███████ ██ █████ ██ █████████.

██ ███████ █████ ██████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████ ██████, █████████ █ ███████ ███ ██████, ███████████ ███, ██████ ███ ███████ ██████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\approx \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ██ ████████ ███ ██ ███████ █ ██ ██████, ██ ███ ██████ █████████ ███ ██ ████████ ███ ███ ███████ (█ ██████) ███████████ █ ████ ██:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\approx \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$

██ ███████████, ██ █████████████ ████'█████████ █████ ███████ ███ █ ████████, ██ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ██████ █ █████ █████████. ██████ ███████████████ ████'█████████ ████████ ██ █████████ ██ █████████████ ████'███████, ███ █████ ███ ██ ███████ █████████ █████ ██████ ████████ ███████████ ███ ██████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████████. ██ ████████ █████ █████, ██ ██████ ████ ██████ ███ █████ (██████ ███ ███████ ██████), ████ ████ ████ ████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$; ██████████, ██ █████████ █████ ███ █████ █████████ ██ █████ █████ ████████.

██████████ █ ██ ██████ ████████ ██ █████████

██ ████████ ███ ██ █████ ███ ███████ ████████ ██████████ ██ ██ ██████ █████ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ █████████, ███████████ █'███ ████'█████ ██████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. ██ ██████ ███ ███ ██████████ █ ██████ ███ ██████, ███ ██████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████ █ ██████████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ████████; ██ ██████ ████████, ██ ██████ █████████ █ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ████ █ ██████ ███ █████ █████████ █ ██ ████ ████ ████ ██████████ ████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$. ██ █████ ███ █████ █████████ █████ ████ █████████████ ███ ████████ ████:

${\displaystyle {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\text{<span word-length="1" class="word redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}+{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\text{<span word-length="1" class="word redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}+\dots +{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\text{<span word-length="1" class="word redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}=}$

${\displaystyle ={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\text{<span word-length="1" class="word redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}+\dots +{\text{<span word-length="1" class="word redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})\approx {\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\text{<span word-length="1" class="word redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ [█]

████'███████ ███ ██ ████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████ ███████ ████████ ████ █████████ █'████, █████ ██ █████ ███████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ████' ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$-█████ ██████ ████████ ██ █████, ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$, ████ ███ █████████ ████████. ██ █████████ ████'████████████ █:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}}{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{-\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$.

██████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}}{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}$

█ ██ ██████████, ████ ███ █'█████████ █ █████████████ █████████████ ██ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\left[\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}\right]}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$.

██ ███████ ██ ███████████ ████████ ██████ ███ ██ ████████ ██ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ████████ █████ █████████ ${\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$.

█ █████ ██ █████████ █████████████ ██ ██████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █ █████ ██████ ████████ █ ██ ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████, ████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\pm \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\pm \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\dots }$,

██████ █ ███████ ████ ███████████ ███ █ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ███████; ██ █████ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██████, ████ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████.

█'██████████ ██ ████ ███████████████ ████████ ████ ██ █████████ ███ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████ █ ████ █████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ${\displaystyle \mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ████████ ███ ██ ███████ ███ ███████ ${\displaystyle \widehat{\mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$ ███ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ █; ██████ ██ ████████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\text{<span word-length="1" class="word redacted">█</span>}\mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$,

███████ █ ██ ██████████ ████████ █████ ███████ █ ${\displaystyle \mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ██ ███████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\widehat{\mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$. ██ ████████ ███ ██████████ ██████ ███ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████████ ██ ███████ █████ █████ ███ ███████ (██ ████████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathbf{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$), ███ “█████████ ██ ██████” ██████████ █████ █████████ █'████.

███████ █████ █████████ █'████

██'███████ ███ ████████, ██████ ███ ██ ██████ █████████ ██ █████████ █ ███████████ ███ ███ ████████ █████████ █'████, ███████ █'███ █████ █████ ██████████ ███ █████████ ██ [█]:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}-{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}}$.

██████████ ██████ █████████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████ █████ ███ ██ ██████ ██ ████████████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\left[\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\left(\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)}\right]}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$,

███ ██ ██████ ████ ██████████ ███ ██████ █████████ █'████; ███████ █████████ █'████ █████ ████████ █'███████ ██ ██████ █████ ███████████ ████'█████████ ███ ███████, ███ ███ ████ ███ ██ █████████ ████████████ ███████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██████████.

██ ██████████ ███ █ ███████ ██████████ ██ █████████, ███ ██████████ ███ █ ███████ ██████ ████'█████████, █ ██████ ███ ██ █████ ████████ █ ████ ██ █████████

${\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\Rightarrow \mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\in \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

(██ ████ ███ ██ ██████████ █ ████████████ ███ ██████ ██ █████████), ██████ ███ █████ ███████, █████ █████████, ██ █████████ ██ ██████████████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██ ████ █ █████████ ████████, ██ ██████████, █ ███████ ██ ██████ █ ██████ ██ ████████████ █ ███ █████:

${\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\Rightarrow \mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\in \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███████ █ █████ ██ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ████████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ███ █████████ █ ███████ ██████████.

███ █ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████████ ██████████, ████, █ █████ ██████████████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████████

${\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\left(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\right)\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\Rightarrow \mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\frac{(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}})}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\in \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$.

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